Cutwail botnet likely behind campaign that sends users to Phoenix exploit kit.
Researchers at
M86
have reported a significant increase in the amount of spam sent with malicious HTML attachments, the volume of which on some days was 200 times that on the first day of the year.
HTML, the mark-up language used to create web pages, is commonly used in email to display various fonts and colours and to embed images. All modern email clients are capable of displaying HTML emails, though it is good practice for these to contain a text-part as well. A slight modification to the emails means the HTML-part is seen as an attachment that can be viewed in a web browser, rather than shown within the email client. It is this that is being used in a large spam campaign, of which
M86
believes the Cutwail botnet is the perpetrator.
These particular emails – which either have the subject ‘End of August statement’ or come with a ‘Xerox scan’ attached – contain an HTML attachment in which, through obfuscated JavaScript, an iframe is embedded. The Phoenix exploit kit is loaded in the iframe, which attempts to infect the user through exploits in various browsers and plug-ins.
The tactic of infecting users via iframes and obfuscated JavaScript is commonly used for drive-by downloads, mostly in compromised legitimate websites. By using an HTML attachment rather than a website, this kind of attack is less likely to be picked up by web filters, while spam filters may not attempt to de-obfuscate the JavaScript, thus making it less likely for URL blacklists to block the emails.
HTML-attachment spam made the news last month when it was said that users could be infected without opening the attachments. While it is not impossible for an email client to open the attachment and render the JavaScript, either through a bug or through bad design, it seems unlikely for this to happen. We have not found evidence of an email client with that property.
More at
M86
here
. The original story on the emails allegedly infecting users without the need to open an attachment is at
eleven
here
, with comments from
Sophos
‘s
Naked Security
blog
here
.
Posted on 16 February 2012 by
Virus Bulletin
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